Senin, 14 Maret 2011

From the Council on Foreign Relations

March 14, 2011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

- Second Explosion Hits Japan Nuclear Plant
- Saudi Forces to Intervene in Bahrain
- China Surpasses U.S. in Manufacturing
- Crowley Resigns over WikiLeaks Comment

Top of the Agenda: Second Explosion Hits Japan Nuclear Plant

A second explosion struck Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (al-Jazeera) on Monday, however, the IAEA claims the reactor has not been damaged. The plant operator attributed the blast to a hydrogen build-up at the number three reactor, and said the impact of radioactive materials on the exterior environment is under investigation. Government officials also confirmed that cooling functions had been lost at the plant's number two reactor (Guardian). Technicians have been trying to cool the plant reactors since Friday, following the earthquake and tsunami. Japan's Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors continues to claim there is no cause to fear a major nuclear accident.

Japanese media report that two thousand dead were found on the shores of Miyagi prefecture (BBC). Thus far, the official police count is 1,597 deaths, but the final toll is expected to be much higher. In an effort to ease the economic impact and fight liquidity concerns, the Bank of Japan (WSJ) is pouring a record $183.17 billion into money markets. Officials say there isn't much macroeconomic data on the quake's impact yet, and that the bank will examine the disaster's fallout more closely in the months ahead. Analysts claim the crisis in Japan may fracture the bipartisan support (NYT) that nuclear power enjoys in the United States.

Analysis:

This CFR Analysis Brief examines how Japan's unfolding nuclear crisis is raising questions over the safety of nuclear power, and how it may bring expansion of nuclear power projects globally under pressure.

This article from Geoffrey Lean of the Daily Telegraph discusses the future of nuclear power and asks whether the explosion at Fukushima will set back a "nuclear renaissance."

Multimedia:

This CFR interactive guide explores the past, present, and future of nuclear power, focusing on its unique benefits and risks.

This interactive feature from the New York Times demonstrates how a reactor shuts down and what happens in a meltdown.

MIDDLE EAST: Saudi Forces to Intervene in Bahrain

Following heightened clashes between anti-government protestors and police in Bahrain, the Bahraini royal family is expected to invite security forces from Saudi Arabia (Guardian) to help maintain order.

The Saudis are tense about protests in neighboring Bahrain and U.S. support for the recent revolutionary wave in the Middle East, says Saudi expert Rachel Bronson.

Libya: Pro-Qaddafi forces pushed their offensive further into eastern Libya, as rebel fighters gave up ground in the city of Brega as well as their stronghold of Benghazi (WSJ). Analysts say the advances lend urgency to the Arab League's call for the imposition of a no-fly zone over the country.

In this online debate from CFR, experts Elliott Abrams and Micah Zenko discuss the potential for U.S. military intervention in Libya.

PACIFIC RIM: China Surpasses U.S. in Manufacturing

According to a study by a U.S. economics consultancy, China overtook the United States as the world's top manufacturing country (FT) by output, ending America's 110- year dominance. Experts suggest this marks a "fundamental shift in the division of labor" that is unlikely to change soon.

SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA: India Largest Arms Importer

According to a report from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, India surpassed China to become the world's largest importer of arms (al-Jazeera). India's military budget is $32.5 billion, up 40 percent from two years ago.

Afghanistan: An apparent suicide attack (AFP) on an army recruitment center in the Kunduz province killed thirty-three and wounded forty-two. Officials have yet to identify who was responsible.

AFRICA: South Sudan to Suspend Talks with North

Southern Sudanese claim the northern government is financing militias as proxy forces in the south, and will suspend diplomatic ties (CP) as a result. Violence in the region has killed hundreds in recent months.

Niger: ECOWAS and AU officials endorsed Niger's presidential run-off (Reuters), recommending the two opposing candidates accept the outcome. Both candidates have pledged to respect the results and take up any problems via legal channels.

AMERICAS: Crowley Resigns over WikiLeaks Comment

P.J. Crowley, spokesman for the U.S. Department of State (WashPost), resigned on Sunday following remarks he made suggesting the government's handling of WikiLeaks suspect Bradley E. Manning was "counterproductive and stupid."

Ecuador: Oil giant Chevron is appealing an Ecuadorian court ruling that it pay $17 billion for environmental damage to the Amazon region. Chevron (UPI) claims plaintiff attorneys falsified data and pressured experts to "find contamination where none existed."

This CFR interactive timeline examines the relationship between oil dependence and U.S. foreign policy.

EUROPE: Markets Reward Eurozone Bailout Moves

European markets (ABC) responded positively to news that eurozone leaders would enlarge the bloc's bailout fund along with other measures. The euro rose, and bond tensions lessoned in Spain and Greece.

Germany: About sixty thousand activists formed a twenty-seven-mile human chain in Stuttgart to protest a planned government extension on the life of nuclear reactors (BBC). The event was organized prior to the crisis in Japan.

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